Other Documents and Studies
Prepared to provide guidance to governments, organisations, and individuals involved in the negotiation and drafting of cease-fire agreements and peace accords, this paper aims to make them aware of the mine action concerns to be considered in such documents and to help them draft appropriate references and clauses related to mine action.
The Centre for International Development and Conflict Management (2003). This edition of the Peace and Conflict series includes new contributions that examine trends in human rights, globalization protests, and international crises.
By its very nature humanitarian work takes place in the most political and politicised of human situations. It is not possible to avoid the interaction of humanitarian work and politics. The question is: on what terms should the interaction take place, and what trade-offs among equally legitimate interests are necessary to ensure optimum solutions?
Marco Sassòli (2003). This paper explores how armed groups could participate in the development, interpretation and operationalization of IHL and international human rights law, and ways to encourage, monitor and control the respect of those laws by armed groups. Includes discussion of ways ways to apply criminal, civil and international responsibility, including sanctions, in case of violations.
Proceedings of the Bruges Colloquium (2003). A detailed report addressing IHL and challenges in the new trends in international security; terrorism, collective security and IHL and binding non-state actors to respect IHL .
Liesbeth Zegveld (2002). Practice of international bodies convincingly demonstrates that international humanitarian law applicable to armed opposition groups extends well beyond Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions. It remains the case, however, that the ‘new’ humanitarian law applicable to armed opposition groups concerns principles rather than detailed rules.
Pablo Policzer (2002). Some of the most serious human rights violations today are not committed by states but by non-state armed groups. A generation ago the international community barely paid attention to such violations. As a result, even gross violations by non-state groups were defined as merely “criminal” violence that fell within the domestic jurisdiction of sovereign states.
Claude Bruderlein (2001) Entire populations in Europe, Africa and Central Asia have been displaced, harassed or subjected to extreme forms of violence as a consequence of armed conflicts, in violation of the most fundamental rules of international humanitarian and human rights law. As a result, traditional schemes of protection enshrined in international law are increasingly questioned, revealing the need to develop new strategies to enhance the protection of civilians in times of war.
International Council on Human Rights Policy (2000). Human rights organisations often find themselves faced with the problem of human rights abuses committed by armed groups. Humanitarian organisations too are increasingly preoccupied with the need to insure armed groups respect their operations, or the safety and dignity of the populations they assist.
Claude Bruderlein (2000). This paper, part of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue's project of analysing the role of non-state actors in building human security, reviews the role of armed groups in the protection of civilian populations in internal armed conflicts. It addresses the need to develop effective strategies to enhance the receptivity and compliance of armed groups to international standards.
Soliman M. Santos, Jr. (1999). This paper focuses on the legal aspects of rebel groups (referred to by some as 'non-State actors') vis-à-vis the new Roman Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) which deals with the prosecution of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and aggression.
Soliman M. Santos, Jr.( 1999). The Ottawa Treaty basically provides for State Party undertakings or obligations. Sub-national entities become obligated only through national implementation measures to be taken by each State Party. The ICBL has cited as one of the main areas of concern in the Treaty its 'failure to include specific language regarding application to non-State actors.
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